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"I came, I saw, I conquered."
Julius Caesar was the most famous leader of Rome when it was the world's only superpower. As a consul, the highest political official in the Roman Republic, he shared power with two men, Pompeius Magnus (Pompey) and Marcus Licinius Crassus.
Caesar spent a lot of his time in wars to expand the Roman Republic across France, Belgium, and Britain. Though publicly friends, both Caesar and Pompey knew their differences would drive them apart. Fearing Caesar's wealth and loyal armies, Pompey and the Senate denied his attempt to renew his position as consul. Without his consulship, Caesar knew he would eventually be pushed aside politically. In 49 BC, Caesar led his army across the Rubicon River and started a civil war.
Caesar took the city of Rome without opposition, and chased the armies of the Senate and Pompey across Italy and into Greece. There, Caesar's army was outnumbered and fought with only one man for every two of Pompey's. After this victory, Caesar rendered the Senate powerless and named himself dictator for life. His decisions for Rome were generally considered both wise and far-sighted, but he began to act more like a king. After ruling for more than four years, he was assassinated by members of the Senate, who hoped his death would return the rule to them.
Their act failed, and after another civil war, Caesar's heir, Gaius Octavianus, declared himself Emperor and changed the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. In 42 BC, two years after his assassination, the Senate officially declared Caesar one of the Roman gods. The month of July was named after Julius Caesar because of his changes to the calendar. To this day, Caesar remains remembered as one of the greatest leaders the world has ever known.
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