Motorways, also known as autobahns, autostrades, or simply 'M's
in the UK, are wide roads built to connect major cities and bypass congested
urban areas. The concept of motorways can be traced back to the old Roman roads
and the German autobahns designed for quick troop movements during the war. In
Singapore, the Pan-Island Expressway bears resemblance to Western motorways.
Motorways are constructed with three lanes, each with a different speed limit,
and are designed to accommodate fast-moving traffic, slow-moving traffic, and
overtaking. Cyclists, pedestrians, and learner drivers are prohibited, and minor
roads are connected via flyovers and tunnels. There are controlled and spaced
facilities such as cafes, petrol stations, and lay-bys for rest and refreshment.
The advantages of a well-planned and constructed motorway system are evident.
The continuous flow of swiftly moving traffic saves time on long journeys and
reduces congestion in large towns, saving petrol and promoting overall transport
economy. Minor roads are freed from overcrowding and only used by traffic going
to relevant towns. However, the motorway brings some disadvantages as well. The
engines of small cars tend to become accidents too occur. These are caused by
glare or by drivers misjudging speed when they re-enter minor roads. Sudden
storms, oil, and ice patches make these roads very slippery and this, at fast
speed, is highly dangerous. Long uninterrupted driving on monotonous roads which
are almost completely straight causes drivers to fall asleep.
The bypassing of towns by motorways also affects trade, as rest and refreshment
are taken at motorway facilities instead of in towns, causing a loss of business
for local shops and cafes. The livelihood of certain inns and wayside cafes on
minor roads has been lost altogether.
Despite its advantages and disadvantages, motorways have become an essential
part of modern transport. They are the only solution to long distances in vast
industrial areas, and the problems they create must be addressed at the same
rate as they arise. |