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The term 'Pavlovian' ___1___ to the way a person reacts
to a situation
in a predictable ___2___ conditioned by habit. Many
years ago, a scientist named
Ivan Pavlov ___3___ out an interesting experiment. He
___4___ a few
dogs in his laboratory and ___5___ them at a fixed time
every day. Before
___6___ meal, he would ring a bell. Gradually, the dogs
learnt to associate the
ringing of the bell ___7___ food and began to salivate
as ___8___ as
they heard the bell. ___9___ sheer habit, the dogs came
to behave in a way that
had ___10___ natural to them. We can compare the way Pavlov's dogs reacted to the
bell ___11___ how
some of us ___12___ our examination questions. When we
___13___
for our examinations, we memorize long passages from
our books. We go through past years questions and
familiarize ___14___ with how to answer them. Finally,
when
we actually sit for the examinations, we ___15___
prepared answers in our heads.
We regurgitate ___16___ answers, no matter
___17___ the
questions
are framed. ___18___ can be very frustrating to the
examiner ___19___
the examination papers. Such an unthinking way of
answering questions can be ___20___ as 'Pavlovian'. |
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| Answers |
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| 1.
refers
2. manner 3. carried 4. kept
5. fed 6. every 7.
with 8.
soon 9. Through 10. become 11.
to 12. answer 13.
study 14. ourselves 15. have 16.
these
17. how 18. This 19. marking/correcting
20. described |
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The term 'Pavlovian' refers to the way a person reacts
to a situation
in a predictable manner conditioned by habit. Many
years ago, a scientist named
Ivan Pavlov carried out an interesting experiment. He
kept a few
dogs in his laboratory and
fed them at a fixed time
every day. Before
every meal, he would ring a bell. Gradually, the dogs
learnt to associate the
ringing of the bell with food and began to salivate
as soon as
they heard the bell.
Through sheer habit, the dogs came
to behave in a way that
had become natural to them. We can compare the way Pavlov's dogs reacted to the
bell to how
some of us answer our examination questions. When we
study
for our examinations, we memorize long passages from
our books. We go through past years questions and
familiarize ourselves with how to answer them. Finally,
when
we actually sit for the examinations, we
have
prepared answers in our heads.
We regurgitate these answers, no matter
how the
questions
are framed. This can be very frustrating to the
examiner marking/correcting
the examination papers. Such an unthinking way of
answering questions can be
described as 'Pavlovian'. |
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